The FilteredContentsInputData executes a JCR request to retrieve the contents having the tags corresponding to a filter.

This filter can also have a limit.

Let's say the limit is 1.
The InputData performs the request and finds the corresponding content.
After this, there is another filter, by label, in order to keep only the published contents.

If the content returned by the request is not published, it will be discarded and the InputData will not return any results.
But there may be other contents matching all the conditions in the repository that weren't returned by the query because of the limit.